Methods Armitage and Duffy Use to Convey Their Ideas About Essay

Both Carol Ann Duffy and Simon Armitage use a range of methods in their geographic expedition of the theme of change. Duffys meters flow to be more personal although in her poems about change, such as nether origination and The Captain of the 1964 brighten of the Form Team she writes in a mannish voice which and then distances her from the speaker. Armitage writes more universal poems, few of which atomic number 18 written of personal experiences in the first person. Both write about change in a mostly proscribe manner, particularly seen in Pluto, The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team and Afterword.The use of form and structure contributes considerably to the exploration of the theme of change. It is used variably through their poetry. In Man with a Golf B either means by Armitage, he uses what could be a sonnet to express change. The poem has fourteen lines and at the sixth line begins with but which signals change. It could therefore be a modernised petrarchan son net. This would be appropriate as i of the poems themes is change and would be an original way to explore that theme. The poem is written in prose- same(p) free verse as Armitage is telling a story of what happened when he opened up a golf ball and is then likening it the mans heart. By doing so he uses more description and creates uncontaminating visual images. The graphic description of the golf ball uses words such as bitter, bad and weep which have negative connotations. The view of change in this poem is negative and tells of how the man became.The prose technique is again used by Armitage in Goalkeeper with a Cigarette in which the poem is written entirely in that sprint. This poem is a detailed description of an old-fashioned goalkeeper and therefore is helped by this writing style. By victimization an effective description technique Armitage is able to explore the theme of change in a different way in that this poem looks upon change in a nostalgic way that is not negati ve. However, in the poem Afterword Armitage uses a very different structural technique. It is written in three quatrains and a brace which is organised in a style preferred by Duffy.This is used as the poem is quitestraightforward in its description of when two duplicate become distanced. It does not look at how, merely focuses on an instance when they are reunited. The structure then enhances the simplicity of the poem. The tone of the poem is less romantic than that of Duffys work. Its tone is cold. Alliteration accentuates the f sound in the first stanza which sounds harsh. This highlights change as it is not a tone that one would associate with match who grew up together so therefore a change must have occurred. It in any case uses lots of rhyme where the words are matched up, in a way that twins are. In the second stanza all the rhymed words rhyme with twin. The rhyme also creates a steady internal rhythm.Carol Ann Duffy also uses form and structure to accentuate meaning. It is used in a very particular way in Pluto. In this poem the layout is different to others. earlier than the normal organised stanzas they are uneven and the second and third stanzas are indented. Duffy does this to represent a change in tense. This is done quite dramatically, as the style is very different to her preferred method, and so emphasises the change in tense and the emotions the speaker is feeling in being different to how he once was. His thoughts are written in italics which further adds to the uneven form of the poem.The form and structural techniques used in The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team more like Duffys style. The stanzas are organised and all are end stopped. It looks organised on the page and is preferred by Duffy. The first three stanzas are speak as if from the onetime(prenominal) and the final stanza jumps to the present, therefore highlighting a change in the speakers life. Duffy uses italics again here to highlight quiz questions, answers a nd sounds. This breaks up the rhythm of the poem which could be a reflection of the speakers dissatisfied attitude to his current state and how his mind is still in the past before the change to his life occurred.Duffy again uses organised stanzas in Before You Were Mine which are five lines long and distributively is end stopped. The way the poem is told is unusual as it is talking about the future from the perspective of a child before that child was born. The change in the poem is therefore told from a differentand unusual angle. This method compares how the speakers mother was to how she is now.Both Armitage and Duffy use learn and lexis to give their poems a certain feel. In The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team Duffy uses words with connotations such as satchel and mentions icons such as the Supremes in order to give the poem a 1960s feel. This highlights the change from then to now. The poem has a negative view towards change sh avow in its negative tone and recital . The speaker is bitter about how his life has turned out. This is revealed in Duffys lexical choice such as referring to his children as thick only because they do not know what their father does. Duffy distances this poem from herself by use a man as the speaker and therefore making the poem more universal.They also both use an informal register and colloquial expressions. These underside be seen in Goalkeeper with a Cigarette by Armitage and Before You Were Mine by Duffy. In Goalkeeper with a Cigarette the poem has a nostalgic, good old days theme and so in keeping with that theme the lexis used is old fashioned. Duffy chooses colloquial expressions such as jersey and cadging. The register is informal in Before You Were Mine as Duffy is talking directly to her mother. She also uses colloquial language such as eh? By using this register both Armitage and Duffy suggest times gone by and therefore change to what exists now. Such as, people do not particularly wear jerseys anymore. A technique also used by both is that of nonliteral language and, more specifically, imagery and symbolism. Armitage uses symbolism and metaphors in Man with a Golf Ball Heart as he uses the metaphor of the golf ball to symbolise the mans heart and the change it went through how it was an apple once. This particular poem is all a metaphor for the mans heart, however, in other poems by both Armitage and Duffy symbolism and metaphors are used more to create certain images. In Goalkeeper with a Cigarette it is used to create a certain image. By using phrases such as pouch of tobacco and skins and sausage-man gloves a clear picture of the keeper is formed in the readers mind.Further imagery is used in Afterword when Armitage describes how the brothers relationship has become. He writeseach eyeing the otherthrough a telescopewhich had once been a mirror.Armitage uses the metaphors of mirror and telescope to highlight the distance that has grown between them.Duffy uses imagery in a simil ar way. In Before You Were Mine she likens her mother to Marilyn Monroe. This creates an instant image of what her mother may have been like, or how the speaker saw her. In Pluto Duffy uses imagery in a way more similar to that of Man with a Golf Ball Heart. The way the speaker is feeling is compared to the population of Pluto. Pluto is imagined to be a very lonely, dark place. This is likened to the existence of the old man, alone in a Home. He refers to another world out there which can be taken as a double meaning for both Pluto and his previous life which now feels like another world away. By creating this metaphor Duffy is able to illustrate the emotions of the speaker. She also creates images for physical descriptions such as brown coins on my face the size of hapennies.Using metaphorical language in these poems contributes to the exploration of change. By creating images it forms comparisons of what was and what is and shows the difference between them. It highlights the cha nges that have taken places and the speakers view of them.Duffy and Armitage have different general styles in their writing techniques. Both use different themes, tones and forms. However in their poems which portray their ideas of change they often both use similar techniques to each other, although each maintains their own style and noneof the poems could be confused for one of the others.